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Objective:To evaluate the scientificity and feasibility of processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma by hot water washing （Tangxi）， and to provide reference for the development of related famous classical formulas. Method:Processing method of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water was established based on ancient Tangxi processing method， and the process conditions were optimized by single factor tests. The weight， moisture， ash， extract， total acid （calculated by succinic acid） contents and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint of Pinelliae Rhizoma were compared before and after processing. In addition， the rabbit eye irritation test was conducted to evaluate the toxicity changes. Result:The processing method of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water was as following：washed by 4 times the amount of hot water at 80 ℃ for 10 times until clear water， transfused cross-section after incision， no or slight numbness in the mouth. The average moisture， ash， extract contents of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water were 9.34%， 1.71% and 4.22%， respectively. After being processed， the decline rates of weight and total acid content of Pinelliae Rhizoma were 7.49% and 43.31%. The HPLC fingerprint of Pinelliae Rhizoma before and after washing showed a decrease in all components， but there was no new chromatographic peak， and peak 9 （adenosine） reduced significantly. The results of rabbit eye irritation test showed that there was no obvious eye conjunctival irritation after washing， indicating that the toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma decreased obviously after washing. Conclusion:The established method of Pinelliae Rhizoma by Tangxi processing is stable and feasible， the aqueous extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma has no obvious eye conjunctival irritation after washing.
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Objective: To investigate the removal effect of 5 kinds of common flocculants on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix. Method: HPLC was employed to determine contents of 6 kinds of alkaloids in the processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix before and after flocculation.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran(25:15)-0.1 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution(each 1 L contains 0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid) for gradient elution, volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, detection wavelength was 235 nm.The removal characteristics and effects of five common flocculants of ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, polymeric ferric sulfate, polyaluminum chloride/polyacrylamide(PAC/PAM) and sodium polyacrylate were compared and preliminarily optimized. Result: The 5 kinds of flocculants had certain selectivity for different types of alkaloids, and the removal of 6 kinds of alkaloids showed obvious differences.Among them, the PAC/PAM attenuated relative superiority, when the pH 6, adding amount of 0.25 g·L-1 and PAC-PAM dosing ratio of 30:1, comprehensive removal effect was relatively good, removal rates of mesaconitine and hypaconitine was 85.4%and 58.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The flocculation method can be used as a pretreatment process to reduce the toxicity of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.
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Objective: To optimize the recovery technology for 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in the toxic wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix with macroporous resin. Method:With the rates of adsorption and elution of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconine,benzoylhypaconine,mesaconitine,hypaconitine and aconitine as indexes,static and dynamic adsorption-elution tests were used to select the best one from 15 kinds of macroporous resin,and the recovery technology parameters of six toxic alkaloids in the wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix were optimized. Result:D101 macroporous resin had a good adsorption and elution effect on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in the wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix,its optimum technology conditions were as follows:each gram of macroporous resin could be used to treat processing wastewater from 4.3 g of Aconiti Radix,the sample loading speed was not higher than 3.0 mL·min-1,the resin column was eluted with 6 BV of 70% ethanol after removing impurities with 2 BV of water.The recoveries of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconine,benzoylhypaconine,mesaconitine, hypaconitine and aconitine were 98.03%,94.09%,96.53%,78.15%,85.40% and 70.57%,respectively. Conclusion:D101 macroporous resin can be used for detoxification treatment of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix,at the same time,6 kinds of alkaloids are effectively recovered,which can solve the environmental problems and create certain economic benefits,and the optimized process conditions are stable and feasible.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in northern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dietary intakes of pregnant women were recorded twice by 24-hour dietary recalls for three days prior to having been diagnosed with GDM, at 5-15 and 24-28 gestational weeks, respectively. GDM was diagnosed, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at 24-28 weeks. Dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis. The association of the dietary pattern with GDM and HbA1c was examined by multiple logistic models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 753 participants, 64 (8.5%) were diagnosed with GDM. Four dietary patterns were identified: Western pattern (dairy, baked/fried food and white meat), traditional pattern (light-colored vegetables, fine grain, red meat and tubers), mixed pattern (edible fungi, shrimp/shellfish and red meat) and prudent pattern (dark-colored vegetables and deep-sea fish). Compared with the prudent pattern, both the Western pattern and the traditional pattern were associated with an increased risk of GDM (aOR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.58-12.22; aOR = 4.88, 95% CI: 1.79-13.32) and a high level of HbA1c (aOR = 12.37, 95% CI: 1.47-103.91; aOR = 26.23, 95% CI: 2.54-270.74). Compared to the lowest quartile (Q), Q3 of the Western pattern scores and Q3-Q4 of the traditional pattern scores were associated with a higher risk of GDM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The consumption of the Western pattern or the traditional pattern during pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM.</p>